What primarily causes apoplectic seizures in certain raptors?

Apoplectic seizures in raptors are primarily caused by a rapid decrease in blood sugar, particularly under conditions of stress. When a bird experiences significant stress—possibly from factors like captivity, handling, or environmental changes—its body's physiological response can lead to a sudden drop in blood glucose levels. Raptors require a steady supply of glucose to maintain their energy levels and proper neurological function. When this supply diminishes rapidly, it can result in a seizure as the brain becomes starved of the energy it needs to operate.

While excessive heat, dehydration, and overexertion can all negatively impact a raptor's health, they typically manifest through other symptoms rather than causing apoplectic seizures directly. Excessive heat might lead to heat stress or heat stroke, dehydration affects the overall fluid balance and can lead to different health issues, and overexertion can cause fatigue or muscle strain but are less likely to cause the neuroglycopenic effects seen in seizures. Understanding the physiological needs of raptors is crucial for their care and management, especially during stressful situations that could lead to rapid metabolic changes.